The warmer air mass returns to sea at higher levels to complete a convective cell. As the warmer air rises by convection, cooler air is drawn from the ocean to fill the void. During the day, the warmer land temperature results in a warmer and therefore, less dense and lighter air mass above the coast as compared with the adjacent air mass over the surface of water. Moreover, the lower heat capacity of crustal materials often allows them to cool below the nearby water temperature.Īir above the respective land and water surfaces is warmed or cooled by conduction with those surfaces. Conversely, water ’s high heat capacity prevents rapid changes in water temperature at night and thus, while land temperatures may plummet tens of degrees, the water temperature remains relatively stable. Regardless of temperature scale, during daytime, land temperatures might change by tens of degrees, while water temperature change by less than half a degree. Current research on land and sea breeze circulation patterns also include attempts to model wind patterns that affect energy requirements (e.g., heating and cooling requirements) in affected areas as well as impacts on weather dependent operations (e.g., aircraft operations).īecause water has a much heat capacity than sand or other Earth materials, for a given amount of solar irradiation (insolation), water temperature will increase less than land temperature. Land and sea breeze patterns can influence fog distribution and pollution accumulation or dispersion over inland areas. On average, the weather and cloud effects of land and sea breezes dissipate 20-30 mi (32-48 km) inland from the coast. Land and sea breezes can extend inland up to 100 mi (161 km), or manifest as local phenomena that quickly weaken with a few hundred yards of the shoreline. Land breezes and sea breezes arise because of differential heating between land and water surfaces. A sea breeze is a wind blowing from the water onto the land. A land breeze is a breeze blowing from land out toward a body of water. Land and sea breezes are wind and weather phenomena associated with coastal areas.
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